Distinctive features of civilizations are big cities, powerful states, and unequal economic status. Agriculture revolution brought about wealth and greater population densities, which led to the rise of many civilizations. The civilization of Egypt is one of earliest human civilizations. Egyptian cities at that time had many monumental buildings and were densely populated. Most people were enslaved by a very strong and oppressive state. This civilization grew from agricultural societies around the Nile River. Like other civilizations throughout history, the Egyptian strong state came about as a result of competition among different farming groups and the need for central power to divide rights manage irrigation projects. Other early civilizations included Indus Valley civilization in Indus and Saraswati river valleys (present-day Pakistan), Norte Chico civilization (central coastal Peru) and others. By 1500 b.c.e., Egypt had become an imperial state, free commoners formed the vast majority of the population and included artisans of all kinds, lower-level officials, soldiers and police, servants, and farmers, Egyptian patriarchy gave women greater opportunities than in most First Civilizations, including ability to: own property and slaves, administer and sell land, make their own wills, sign their own marriage contracts, initiate divorce.
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