The earliest known human came to existent in eastern and southern Africa 250,000 years ago. In order to understand human evolution, we have to be aware of environmental factors that faced early humans and how they respond to them. The Earth climate has gone through various cycles with radical changes, and humans have managed to survive as a species but some groups like Neanderthals got extinct because of drastic climate changes. Furthermore, humans in different geographical places developed different ways of life (hunting and gathering habits, etc) that fit their area. But, humans at that time were very disconnected which prevented technologies and ideas from being transferred from one place to another. Moreover, humans used to live in small groups because they did not have the technology to extract enough food from a given area. Also, the difficulty of transportation between different population areas resulted in large number of distinct languages and cultures. In addition, historians seem to have a difficulty understanding the religions and spiritual lives of the old peoples. There are evidences that suggest that some of them were monotheistic. Finally, the process of settlement was a major turn in human history. It meant that people could possess goods, develop unique cultures and have easier ways of communicating with other settlements.
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